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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 시험요강:

주제	소개
주제 1	Vault Deployment Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Platform Engineers and focuses on deployment strategies for Vault. Candidates will learn about self-managed and HashiCorp-managed cluster strategies, the role of storage backends, and the application of Shamir secret sharing in the unsealing process. The section also covers disaster recovery and performance replication strategies to ensure high availability and resilience in Vault deployments.
주제 2	Vault Leases: This section of the exam measures the skills of DevOps Engineers and covers the lease mechanism in Vault. Candidates will understand the purpose of lease IDs, renewal strategies, and how to revoke leases effectively. This section is crucial for managing dynamic secrets efficiently, ensuring that temporary credentials are appropriately handled within secure environments.
주제 3	Access Management Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Enterprise Security Engineers and introduces key access management components in Vault. Candidates will explore the Vault Agent and its role in automating authentication, secret retrieval, and proxying access. The section also covers the Vault Secrets Operator, which helps manage secrets efficiently in cloud-native environments, ensuring streamlined access management.
주제 4	Secrets Engines: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Engineers and covers different types of secret engines in Vault. Candidates will learn to choose an appropriate secrets engine based on the use case, differentiate between static and dynamic secrets, and explore the use of transit secrets for encryption. The section also introduces response wrapping and the importance of short-lived secrets for enhancing security. Hands-on tasks include enabling and accessing secrets engines using the CLI, API, and UI.
주제 5	Vault Policies: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Security Architects and covers the role of policies in Vault. Candidates will understand the importance of policies, including defining path-based policies and capabilities that control access. The section explains how to configure and apply policies using Vault’s CLI and UI, ensuring the implementation of secure access controls that align with organizational needs.
주제 6	Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

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최신 HashiCorp Security Automation HCVA0-003 무료샘플문제 (Q220-Q225):

질문 # 220
A developer has requested access to manage secrets at the path kv/apps/webapp01. You create the policy below which gives them the proper access:
path "kv/apps/webapp01" {
capabilities = ["read", "create", "update", "list"]
}
However, when the developer logs in to the Vault UI, they see the following screenshot and cannot access the desired secret. Why can't the developer see the secrets they need?

A. The key/value secrets engine isn't available in the Vault UI, therefore the developer should use a different Vault interface instead
B. The Vault UI isn't enabled for the developer, therefore they will only see the default options
C. The policy doesn't permit list access to the paths prior to the secret so the Vault UI doesn't display the mount path
D. The secrets are stored under the cubbyhole secrets engine, so the developer should browse to that secrets engine

정답：C

설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The Vault UI requires list permissions on parent paths to navigate mounts. The Vault documentation states:
"When you are using the UI, you will likely need to add additional LIST permissions to the mount (sys
/mounts) and then LIST for every path up to the desired secret."
-Vault API: sys/mounts
* C: Correct. The policy lacks list on kv/ or kv/apps/, so the UI can't display kv/:
"The policy doesn't permit list access to the paths prior to the secret so the Vault UI doesn't display the mount path."
-Vault Tutorials: Policies
* A: Incorrect; the UI isn't user-specific.
* B: Incorrect; KV is available in the UI.
* D: Incorrect; the path is kv/, not cubbyhole.
References:
Vault API: sys/mounts
Vault Tutorials: Policies

질문 # 221
Which of the following describes the Vault's auth method component?

A. It verifies a client against an internal or external system, and generates a token with root policy
B. It dynamically generates a unique set of secrets with appropriate permissions attached
C. It verifies a client against an internal or external system, and generates a token with the appropriate policies attached
D. It is responsible for durable storage of client tokens

정답：C

설명：
The Vault's auth method component is the component that performs authentication and assigns identity and policies to a client. It verifies a client against an internal or external system, and generates a token with the appropriate policies attached. The token can then be used to access the secrets and resources that are authorized by the policies. Vault supports various auth methods, such as userpass, ldap, aws, kubernetes, etc., that can integrate with different identity providers and systems. The auth method component can also handle token renewal and revocation, as well as identity grouping and aliasing. References: Auth Methods | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Authentication - Concepts | Vault | HashiCorp Developer

질문 # 222
True or False? Once you create a KV v1 secrets engine and place data in it, there is no way to modify the mount to include the features of a KV v2 secrets engine.

A. False
B. True

정답：A

설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
* A:Incorrect; KV v1 can be upgraded to v2.
* B:Correct; vault kv enable-versioning upgrades it.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"kv enable-versioning turns on versioning for an existing KV v1 engine at its path." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/kv/kv-v2#upgrading-from-version-1

질문 # 223
Christy has created a token and needs to use that token to access Vault. What command can she use to authenticate and access secrets stored in Vault?
$ vault token create -policy=christy
Key Value
--- -----
token hvs.hxDIPd8RPVtxu4AzSGS1lArP
token_accessor AxwxpDs6LbdFQbWGmBDnwIK3
token_duration 24h
token_renewable true
token_policies ["christy" "default"]
identity_policies []
policies ["christy" "default"]

A. vault login hvs.hxDIPd8RPVtxu4AzSGS1lArP
B. vault login -accessor=AxwxpDs6LbdFQbWGmBDnwIK3
C. vault login -method=token christy
D. vault login -method=password

정답：A

설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To authenticate with a specific token, Christy should use the vault login command with the tokenvalue. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "To login with a token, you can use vault login <token> or even vault login -method=token <token> if you like typing more." For the given token hvs.
hxDIPd8RPVtxu4AzSGS1lArP, the command vault login hvs.hxDIPd8RPVtxu4AzSGS1lArP authenticates Christy and stores the token for subsequent CLI use.
The docs provide an example: "```
$ vault login s.sf4vj1rFV5PvQSbrxQFsfbXA
Success! You are now authenticated. The token information displayed below is already stored in the token helper. You do NOT need to run 'vault login' again. Future Vault requests will automatically use this token.
Key Value
token s.sf4vj1rFV5PvQSbrxQFsfbXA

질문 # 224
True or False? Once the minimum decryption version is set on an encryption key, older versions of the key are removed from Vault and are no longer available for decryption operations.

A. False
B. True

정답：A

설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The statement isFalse. Setting the minimum decryption version does not remove older key versions. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "Key versions that are earlier than a key's specified min_decryption_version get archived, and the rest of the key versions belong to the working set. In an emergency, the min_decryption_version can be moved back to allow for legitimate decryption." Older versions remain available for decryption if needed.
The docs add: "Archiving a key version does not delete it; it simply marks it as outside the active working set, but Vault retains it for potential use." Thus, older versions are not removed, making B correct.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Transit Secrets Engine: Working Set Management

질문 # 225
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